Analysis of Maxillofacial Traumas at Thrace Region amid COVID-19 Pandemic
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Original Article
VOLUME: 9 ISSUE: 3
P: 233 - 237
December 2021

Analysis of Maxillofacial Traumas at Thrace Region amid COVID-19 Pandemic

Namik Kemal Med J 2021;9(3):233-237
1. Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Medical Sciences, Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Edirne, Turkey
No information available.
No information available
Received Date: 26.04.2021
Accepted Date: 14.06.2021
Publish Date: 25.11.2021
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ABSTRACT

Aim:

Pandemic caused by Coronavirus disease-2019 has created an unpredicted situation. Due to governmental regulations, a significant amount of health provider task force was relocated for pandemic management. This restrictions put forth a need for pragmatic solutions to cope with the demand of non-pandemic health management. Remote counselling was among these solutions. In this study, we aimed to share our remote counselling approach, also to analyze the maxillofacial trauma (MFT) patients operated during the first year of pandemic, and to compare these results with the results of the previous year.

Materials and Methods:

Beginning from May 11th, 2020 to May 11th, 2021, MFT patients were evaluated retrospectively. For comparison, patients referred within the same dates of the previous year were also evaluated. Two groups were constituted as pre-pandemic and pandemic. Groups were compared for demographics, affected facial region, operation performed as emergency or elective, time spanned from referral to surgery, and operative complications. Statistical significance was set as p<0.05.

Results:

The comparison for age, etiology, affected facial region, type of the operation and complication rates were insignificant among the groups (p>0.05). Time spanned from referral to surgery was significantly shorter for the pandemic group in which the remote counselling approach was utilized (p<0.001).

Conclusion:

Remote counselling approach shortens the time spanned from referral to surgery among MFT patients referred during pandemic. Telemedicine may be used as a powerful tool for the management of MFT patients.

Keywords:
Maxillofacial injuries, telemedicine, COVID-19

INTRODUCTION

The disease caused by the new type of coronavirus, also known as Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), continues to be an important problem for public health. A pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020 for the new type of coronavirus1. On the same date, the health authority in our country announced the first case of COVID-19. After this date, there have been some changes in our professional practice as well as in our daily life. One of the main factors underlying these changes was the number of existing health workers and the shift of their workforce to other areas by the health authority to be used in the management of the pandemic. As a result of this orientation, healthcare organizations had to manage a workload approaching the pre-pandemic period with fewer employees. Different pragmatic solutions emerged under these challenging conditions. One of these was remote consultation (RC) with technology support.

Maxillofacial traumas (MFT) and their treatment is one of the important topics of plastic surgery practice2.It is a rule to use imaging methods in planning the treatment of MFT. Today, computed tomography is accepted as the gold standard in this planning process. Tomography series can be easily transferred to other computers or switchboards in digital environment with today’s technology.

In this study, we wanted to evaluate the usability of these data in the management of emergency MFT within the scope of RC, based on the easy transfer of digital data. In this context, we aimed to share the RC approach that we created with the command and control center (CCC) of the health authority during the pandemic process in our clinic, which is the only center in the management of MFT in the Thrace region. As a primary inference, we determined to compare the patient data of the pre-pandemic period with the patient data of the pandemic period. As a secondary inference, we aimed to create an analysis of the MFT that occurred in our region in the specified time period.

GİRİŞ

Yeni tip koronavirüs tarafından oluşturulan hastalık, diğer adıyla Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 (COVID-19), toplum sağlığı için önemli bir sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından 11 Mart 2020’de COVID-19 için pandemi ilan edildi1. Aynı tarihte ülkemizde sağlık otoritesi de ilk COVID-19 olgusunu açıkladı. Bu tarihten sonra günlük hayatımızda olduğu gibi mesleki pratiğimizde de bazı değişiklikler oldu. Bu değişikliklerin altında yatan ana unsurlardan biri de mevcut sağlık çalışanı sayısı ve ortaya koydukları iş gücünün sağlık otoritesi tarafından pandeminin yönetiminde kullanılmak üzere başka alanlara kaydırılmasıydı. Bu yönlendirmenin sonucunda sağlık kuruluşlarının, daha az sayıda çalışan ile pandemi öncesi döneme yaklaşan bir iş yükünü yönetmesi gerekti. Bu zorlayıcı koşullar altında farklı pragmatik çözümler ortaya çıktı. Bunlardan biri de teknoloji desteğiyle beraber olan uzaktan konsültasyondu (UK).

Maksillofasyal travmalar (MFT) ve bunların tedavisi plastik cerrahi pratiğinin önemli başlıklarından biridir2. MFT’lerin tedavisinin planlanmasında görüntüleme yöntemlerinin kullanılması kuraldır. Günümüzde bilgisayarlı tomografi bu planlama sürecinde altın standart olarak kabul edilmektedir. Tomografi serileri günümüz teknolojisinde kolaylıkla dijital ortamda başka bilgisayar veya santrallere aktarılabilmektedir.

Biz bu çalışmada dijital verilerin kolayca aktarılmasından yola çıkarak acil MFT’lerin yönetim sürecinde bu verilerin kullanılabilirliğini UK kapsamında değerlendirmek istedik. Bu kapsam içinde Trakya bölgesinde MFT’lerin yönetiminde tek merkez olan kliniğimizde, pandemi sürecinde sağlık otoritesinin komuta kontrol merkezi (KKM) ile oluşturduğumuz UK yaklaşımını paylaşmayı amaçladık. Birincil çıkarım olarak pandemi öncesi döneme ait hasta verileriyle pandemi dönemi hasta verilerini karşılaştırmayı belirledik. İkincil çıkarım olarak ise belirlenen zaman diliminde bölgemizde gerçekleşen MFT’lerin bir analizinin oluşturulmasını hedefledik.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Selection and Definition of Cases

In the period from March 11, 2020, when the first COVID-19 case was diagnosed in our country, to March 11, 2021, MFT cases and treatments were evaluated retrospectively. Data from the previous year between the same dates were used for comparison. The cases were divided into two groups as “pre-pandemic” and “pandemic”. As inclusion criteria for the study, cases in the adult age group consulted by CCC for patient referral or consultation were determined. Patients who applied to our hospital with their own means, patients with additional pathology other than MFT, and patients who were admitted to the hospital after 24 hours following trauma were not included in the study. The pediatric age group was not included in the study.

Technical Information

In order to facilitate communication with CCC, we were asked to send a video containing the patient’s tomography, as well as verbally consulting the patient. The minimum features of the tomography standard were determined as follows: the tomographies taken should include the entire facial base starting from the frontal bone and including the lower border of the mandible, with 5 mm or thinner sections, and including at least one of the sections in the coronal or axial plane. It was requested to renew the tomographies that did not meet these technical specifications.

Within the scope of RC, videos containing maxillofacial tomographies of patients who applied during the pandemic period were sent to us using a cellular network (4G).

The included cases were evaluated in terms of demographic characteristics, facial area affected by trauma, emergency or elective repair, time from admission to surgery, and postoperative complications. These results were compared with the previous year’s data.

Statistical Analysis

Within the scope of the study, demographic data of the cases were calculated using percentage and frequency from descriptive statistics. Relevant tests were performed using the mean and standard deviation for patient age and postoperative time. Before using the hypothesis tests, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used to examine whether the data showed normal distribution. Logarithmic variation was applied to the categories that did not show normal distribution. Parametric hypothesis tests were applied to the data after the variation. The Student’s t-test was used to compare two groups of quantitative data, and the chi-square test was used to compare qualitative data. IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 19.0 package program (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used in the analyses and p<0.05 was accepted as significance level.

RESULTS

Fifty-four cases were included in the study. Of the cases, 21 (38.8%) were in the pandemic group, and 33 (61.2%) were in the pre-pandemic group. The mean age was 39.9±8.4 years for the pandemic group and 40.9±11.5 years for the pre-pandemic group. There was a normal age distribution in both groups (p>0.05). The number of female patients was three (14.2%) in the pandemic group and five (15.1%) in the pre-pandemic group.

In the pandemic group, the most common etiology was in-vehicle traffic accidents (IVTA) with 10 (47.6%) cases. In the pre-pandemic group, the most common cause was IVTA with 18 (54.5%) cases. During the pandemic period, the rate of maxillofacial fracture cases developing after beating was 38.1%, and this rate was 30.3% in the pre-pandemic period.

Percentage changes in the frequencies of IVTA and beating were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Detailed data and comparison are given in Table 1.

The most frequently affected facial bone was the mandible in both groups. While this was 14 cases (66.6%) during the pandemic period, it was 19 (57.7%) cases before the pandemic. This percentage difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05) The affected facial region distributions are given in Figure 1.

Four (19%) cases were operated urgently in the pandemic group. In the pre-pandemic group, the number of patients who were operated urgently was three (9.1%). This increase during the pandemic period was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Cases that were operated urgently consisted of those whose tongue could cause airway obstruction due to mandibular fracture and cases that caused limitation of gaze in the orbita.

The mean time between admission and operation was 2.05±1.49 days for the pandemic group and 6.94±4.01 days for the pre-pandemic group. The time from admission to surgery was significantly shortened during the pandemic period (p<0.001).

Surgical site infection developed in two (9.5%) cases in the pandemic group, and in four (12%) cases in the pre-pandemic group. Surgical site infections were managed with local wound care and antibiotic therapy. No surgical procedure was performed.

DISCUSSION

With the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, certain order changes have occurred in both our social and professional lives. As a significant part of the healthcare staff’s workforce was directed to combat the pandemic, there were some regressions in the healthcare services that healthcare institutions could offer to non-COVID patients. Different solutions emerged to compensate for these regressions. These include RC and rapid-transition protocols for surgical units3-6.

Considering the results of the study, it is remarkable that the mean time from admission to surgery (2.05±1.49) of the patients who were evaluated with RC and admitted during the pandemic process was shorter than the mean time (6.94±4.01) in referrals without the use of RC (p<0.001). Maxillofacial tomographies of the patient are evaluated with RC before the patient is admitted by the team that will perform the possible surgery. Thus, whether the patient needs surgery or not is determined more clearly by evaluating the tomography as well as verbal data. For the same reason, the RC allows the doctor who will perform the surgery to create the surgery plan (like the possible duration of the surgery, the supply of internal fixation systems to be used) before the patient arrives. We think that this preparation process, which is carried out before the patient’s admission, plays a major role in shortening the time from admission to surgery.

In addition, since only the patients who are accepted as candidates for surgery are hospitalized within the scope of the RC, the surgical preparation of the patients in the pandemic group (such as taking a polymerase chain reaction test, preparations for general anesthesia) begins as soon as the patient is admitted to the service and hospitalized in the clinic.

In the pre-pandemic period, since patients were only consulted verbally, although there is the process of taking a tomography, the process of reporting this tomography and the process of consulting in the framework of emergency trauma behind the referral of the patient to us, additional processes such as evaluating the patient as a candidate for elective surgery and referring the patient to the outpatient clinic for surgical preparations are involved in the management of MFT patient.

We believe that elimination of these additional processes within the scope of RC also explains the shortness of the time from admission to surgery during the pandemic period.

During the pandemic process, our hospital served as the only reference center in the region for MFT. When the applications before and during the pandemic are examined in terms of etiology, IVTA is the most common cause of MFT in both groups, followed by beating. This situation is also compatible with the current literature7,8. When the distribution of these two etiology titles according to the groups is examined, it is seen that the rate of MFT due to physical attacks increased during the pandemic period (38.1% during the pandemic period and 30.3% during the pre-pandemic period) and the ratio of IVTA decreased (54.5% before the pandemic and 47.6% during the pandemic period). We could not show the statistical significance of this proportional change. We explain this by the small sample size of our sample. With the lockdowns during the pandemic process, the rates of major depression and domestic violence have increased in the society. We explain the proportional increase in MFT cases due to physical attack in our study with the secondary effects of restrictions in this pandemic period. Studies from different countries have also underlined this finding9,10. For the same reason, we explain the proportional decrease in MFT cases due to traffic accidents with the lockdowns in the pandemic process. The decrease in the number of vehicles in the traffic and the number of people on the street in a unit of time also reduced the number of accidents.

Compared to the pre-pandemic period, we explain the decrease in the total number of patients referred by CCC during the pandemic, with the restrictions imposed by the state authority (such as lockdowns at certain hours). In addition, as we mentioned, besides verbal consultation of the patients, the patient’s tomographies were also directed to us during the pandemic process, and in the light of these data, only the patients who were accepted as candidates for surgery were included in this study. We believe that these two reasons explain the decrease in the number of cases despite our role as a single center during the pandemic process.

Remarkably, four patients underwent emergency surgery during the pandemic. Compared to the previous year, this number has increased proportionally. We explain this increase with the fact that we are the only center where these patients are referred during the pandemic process.

In accordance with the current literature, local infection was encountered most commonly in the early period in the postoperative follow-up of the patients.

Increasing local wound care and oral hygiene is the first step in the treatment of wound infections, which are especially common in segmental fractures of the midface and mandible2. With this treatment approach, all cases in our patient cohort who developed complications were treated with local wound care and complete healing was achieved.

Telemedicine and virtual consultation methods are also used successfully in orthopedics, which is a branch that frequently uses imaging methods in patient treatment3,11. In randomized controlled studies conducted within the scope of this branch, it has been shown that these methods can be used safely in selected patients4,12. In order to be used in a wider context, the success of this approach should also be demonstrated by economic and patient satisfaction-based studies.

These findings, which we shared, revealed the necessity of a more comprehensive study. However, in the light of these data involving the borders of the Thrace region, it can be supported that sharing patient images with the physician who will perform the surgery during the consultation is a facilitating factor in the decision of surgery and patient triage.

On the other hand, it is also important to examine patient data within the scope of the Law on the Protection of Personal Data (KVKK)13. Tomographs are considered as the patient’s personal health data. All of the patients included in the study were patients consulted by us from external centers. As required by good medical practices, the necessity of informing and obtaining verbal consent before all procedures performed on the patient is also essential for obtaining patient photographs and other health data. However, in addition to patient consent in sending tomography videos, it does not create a conflict with the scope of KVKK, since the purpose is legitimate and the existing images are not stored and processed in a data recording system.

A non-cloud-based messaging program running on 4G infrastructure is used to transfer tomography data. This program has an end-to-end encipherment feature, and during the transmission of the message, no third party other than the receiving and transmitting party can access the content.

There is a digital system established by the Ministry of Health, called the Telemedicine System. The purpose of this system is to report the images taken by different radiologists in order to balance the workload of radiologists between hospitals14.

In this system, loading the tomographies into the system after they are taken can cause a certain delay, especially during non-working hours. If the center where the tomography has been taken does not have an agreement with the Ministry of Health, or if it is not integrated into this system, then the data will not be uploaded to the system. There is a need for arrangements to be made in this system, which is intellectually innovative.

Study Limitations

The fact that this study shares the results of a single center and its retrospective design are the limitations of this study. We could not find any similar study within the scope of the national literature that we could search. From this point of view, we believe that this descriptive study will have a high contribution to the literature.

TARTIŞMA

COVID-19 pandemisinin başlamasıyla birlikte hem sosyal hem de mesleki hayatımızda belirli düzen değişiklikleri oldu. Sağlık çalışanı iş gücünün önemli bir kısmının pandemi ile mücadele için yönlendirilmesiyle sağlık kurumlarının COVID-19 dışı hastalara sunabildikleri sağlık hizmetinde bazı gerilemeler yaşandı. Bu gerilemelerin kompanzasyonu için farklı çözümler ortaya çıktı. Bunlar içinde UK ve cerrahi birimler için hızlı-geçiş protokolleri de yer almaktadır3-6.

Çalışma sonuçlarına bakıldığında, pandemi sürecinde UK ile değerlendirilip kabul edilen hastaların başvurudan ameliyata kadar ki sürelerinin ortalamasının (2,05±1,49), UK kullanılmadan gerçekleştirilen sevklerdeki ortalama süreden (6,94±4,01) daha kısa olması (p<0,001) dikkat çekicidir. UK ile hastaya ait maksillofasyal tomografiler, olası ameliyatı gerçekleştirecek ekip tarafından hasta başvurmadan önce değerlendirilmektedir. Böylece hastanın ameliyata gereksinimi olup olmadığı, sözel verilerin yanında tomografilerin de değerlendirilmesiyle daha net olarak belirlenmektedir. Yine aynı sebepten dolayı UK, ameliyatı gerçekleştirecek doktorun ameliyat planını (ameliyatın olası süresi, kullanılacak internal fiksasyon sistemlerinin temini gibi) hasta gelmeden oluşturabilmesine olanak tanımaktadır. Hastanın kabulünden önce yapılan bu hazırlık sürecinin başvuru anından ameliyat kadar geçen sürenin kısaltılmasında ana rolü oynadığını düşünüyoruz.

Ayrıca, UK kapsamında sadece ameliyata aday kabul edilen hastaların yatışı gerçekleştirildiğinden, pandemi grubunda hastaların ameliyat hazırlığı (polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu testi alınması, genel anestezi hazırlıkları gibi) hasta tarafımızca kabul edildiği ve servise yatırıldığı andan itibaren başlamaktadır.

Pandemi öncesi dönemde ise hastalar sadece sözel olarak danışıldığından, hastanın tarafımıza yönlendirilmesinin ardında bir tomografi çekilmesi süreci, bu tomografinin raporlanma süreci ve acil travma çerçevesinde danışmanın olmasına rağmen, hastanın elektif operasyon adayı olarak değerlendirilmesi ve buna bağlı olarak hastanın ameliyat hazırlıkları için hastanın polikliniğe yönlendirilmesi gibi ilave süreçler, MFT hastasının yönetilmesi sürecine dahil olmaktadır. UK kapsamında bu ilave süreçlerin devre dışı bırakılmasının da pandemi dönemindeki başvurudan ameliyata kadar geçen sürenin kısalığını açıkladığı inancındayız.

Pandemi sürecinde hastanemiz MFT için bölgedeki tek referans merkez olarak görev yapmıştır. Pandemi öncesi ve pandemi dönemindeki başvurular etiyoloji yönünden incelendiğinde her iki grupta da en sık MFT etkeni olarak AİTK ve bunu takiben darp izlemektedir. Bu durum güncel literatür ile de uyumludur7,8. Bu iki etiyoloji başlığının gruplara göre dağılımı incelendiğinde, pandemi döneminde fiziksel saldırılara bağlı MFT oranının arttığı (pandemi döneminde %38,1 ve pandemi öncesi dönemde %30,3) ve AİTK’nin oransal olarak azaldığı (pandemi öncesi %54,5 ve pandemi döneminde %47,6) gözlenmektedir. Bu oransal değişimin istatistiksel anlamlılığını gösteremedik. Bunu örneklem kümemizin küçük olması ile açıklamaktayız. Pandemi sürecinde sokağa çıkma kısıtlamaları ile birlikte toplumda majör depresyon ve ev içi şiddet oranları artmıştır. Kendi çalışmamızdaki fiziksel saldırıya bağlı gelişen MFT olgularındaki oransal artışı bu pandemi dönemi kısıtlamalarının sekonder etkileri ile açıklamaktayız. Farklı ülkelerden yapılan çalışmalar da bu saptamanın altını çizmiştir9,10. Yine aynı sebeple, trafik kazalarına bağlı gelişen MFT olgularındaki oransal azalmayı da pandemi sürecinde olan sokağa çıkma kısıtlamaları ile açıklamaktayız. Birim zamanda trafikte bulunan araç sayısı ve sokaktaki insan sayısının azalması, gelişen kaza sayısının azalmasını da sağlamıştır.

Pandemi öncesi ile kıyaslandığında pandemi sırasında KKM tarafından yönlendirilen toplam hasta sayısındaki azalmayı, devlet otoritesinin getirdiği kısıtlamalar (belli saatler sokağa çıkma kısıtlamaları gibi) ile açıklamaktayız. Ayrıca, belirttiğimiz gibi pandemi sürecinde hastaların sözel olarak danışılmasının yanında hasta tomografilerinin de tarafımıza yönlendirilmesi sağlanmış ve bu veriler ışığında sadece ameliyata aday kabul edilen hastalar bu çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Bu iki sebebin, pandemi sürecinde tek merkez olarak görev yapmamıza rağmen olgu sayısındaki azalmayı açıkladığı kanısındayız.

Dikkat çekici olarak pandemi sürecinde dört hasta acil olarak ameliyat edilmiştir. Bir önceki yıla kıyasla bu sayı oransal olarak artmıştır. Bu artışı da pandemi sürecinde bu hastaların yönlendirildiği tek merkez olmamızla açıklamaktayız.

Hastaların operasyon sonrası takiplerinde erken dönemde, güncel literatür ile uyumlu olarak, en sık lokal enfeksiyon ile karşılaşılmıştır. Özellikle orta yüz ve mandibula çok parçalı fraktürlerinde sık karşılaşılan yara yeri enfeksiyonlarının tedavisinde lokal yara bakımı ve ağız hijyenin artırılması ilk basamaktır2. Bu tedavi yaklaşımı ile hasta kohortumuzdaki komplikasyon gelişen tüm olgular lokal yara bakımı ile tedavi edilmiş, tam şifa sağlanmıştır.

Hasta sağaltımında görüntüleme yöntemlerinden sıkça faydalanan bir branş olan ortopedide de teletıp ve sanal konsültasyon yöntemleri başarıyla kullanılmaktadır3,11. Bu branş kapsamında yapılan randomize kontrollü çalışmalarda, seçilmiş hastalarda bu yöntemlerin güvenle kullanılabileceği gösterilmiştir4,12. Daha geniş kapsamda kullanılabilmesi için, bu yaklaşımın başarısının ekonomik ve hasta memnuniyeti bazlı çalışmalarla da gösterilmesi gereklidir.

Paylaştığımız bu bulgular daha kapsamlı bir çalışmanın gerekliliğini ortaya koymuştur. Bununla beraber, Trakya bölgesi sınırlarını içeren bu veriler ışığında, konsültasyon sırasında hasta görüntülerinin ameliyatı gerçekleştirecek hekimle paylaşılmasının, ameliyat kararının verilmesinde ve hasta triyajında kolaylaştırıcı bir faktör olduğu sonucu desteklenebilir.

Öte taraftan hasta verilerinin Kişisel Verilerin Korunması Kanunu (KVKK) kapsamında incelenmesi de önemlidir13. Tomografiler hastanın kişisel sağlık verisi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların tamamı tarafımıza dış merkezlerden danışılan hastalardır. İyi hekimlik uygulamaları gereği hastaya yapılan tüm işlemlerden önce bilgilendirme ve sözlü rıza alınması gerekliliği hasta fotoğrafları ve diğer sağlık verilerinin elde edilmesi için de geçerlidir. Bununla birlikte, tomografi videolarının gönderilmesinde hasta rızasının yanında, amacın meşru olması ve mevcut görüntülerin bir veri kayıt sisteminde depolanmıyor ve işlenmiyor olması sebebiyle KVKK kapsamı ile bir zıtlık yaratmamaktadır.

Tomografi verilerinin aktarılmasında 4G altyapısında çalışan ve bulut tabanlı olmayan bir mesajlaşma programı kullanılmaktadır. Bu programda uçtan uca şifreleme özelliği mevcut olup, mesajın iletimi sırasında alıcı ve verici taraf dışında üçüncü bir parti içeriğe ulaşamaz.

Sağlık Bakanlığı tarafından kurulmuş olan ve adı Teletıp Sistemi olan bir dijital sistem mevcuttur. Bu sistemin amacı hastaneler arası radyolog iş yükünü dengelemek amacıyla çekilen görsellerin farklı radyoloji hekimleri tarafından raporlanmasıdır14.

Bu sistemde tomografilerin çekildikten sonra sisteme yüklenmesi özellikle mesai dışı saatlerde belirli bir gecikme yaratabilmektedir. Tomografinin çekildiği merkezin Sağlık Bakanlığı ile bir anlaşması bulunmuyorsa, ya da bu sisteme entegre değilse bu durumda da veriler sisteme yüklenmeyecektir. Fikren yenilikçi olan bu sistemde yapılacak düzenlemelere ihtiyaç vardır.

Çalışmanın Kısıtlılıkları

Tek merkezin sonuçlarını paylaşıyor olması ve geriye dönük tasarımı bu çalışmanın kısıtlı kaldığı alanlardır. Tarayabildiğimiz ulusal literatür kapsamında benzer bir çalışmaya rastlamadık. Bu açıdan bakıldığında bu tanımlayıcı çalışmanın literatüre katkısının da yüksek olacağı kanaatindeyiz.

CONCLUSION

The COVID-19 pandemic and state authority restrictions in this period have led to a decrease in MFT cases referred to our clinic. Although there is a difference in the etiology of the cases admitted during the pandemic, this could not be supported statistically. In the management of MFT patients in this period, sharing the tomography images of the cases within the scope of UK significantly shortened the patient’s time from admission to the surgery. Telemedicine can be used as a facilitating tool in the management of MFT cases.

Ethics

Ethics Committee Approval: The study were approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Trakya University (protocol number: 2021/267-12/23, date: 31.05.2021).
Informed Consent: Retrospective study.
Peer-review: Externally peer-reviewed.

Authorship Contributions

Surgical and Medical Practices: D.D., E.B., Concept: D.D., Design: D.D., E.B., Data Collection or Processing: D.D., Analysis or Interpretation: D.D., E.B., Literature Search: D.D., Writing: D.D., E.B.
Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.
Financial Disclosure: The authors declared that this study received no financial support.

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